The Internet Revolution in the Sciences and Humanities takes a new look at C.P. Snow's distinction between the two cultures, a distinction that provides the driving force for a book that contends that the Internet revolution has sown the seeds for transformative changes in both the sciences and the humanities. It is because of this common situation that the humanities can learn from the sciences, as well as the sciences from the humanities, in matters central to both: generating, evaluating, and communicating knowledge on the Internet. In a succession of chapters, the authors deal with the state of the art in web-based journal articles and books, web sites, peer review, and post-publication review. In the final chapter, they address the obstacles the academy and scientific organizations face in taking full advantage of the Internet: outmoded tenure and promotion procedures, the cost of open access, and restrictive patent and copyright law. They also argue that overcoming these obstacles does not require revolutionary institutional change. In their view, change must be incremental, making use of the powers and prerogatives scientific and academic organizations already have.

作品目录

Chapter 1: The Internet and the Two Cultures

Ideal Types

The Scientific Culture and Scientist as Ideal Type

The Humanistic Culture and Humanist as Ideal Type

The Sciences and Humanities Transformed

The Book Itself

The Audience

Chapter 2: The Scientific Article: What's New

Revolution or Evolution?

A Survey of the Web Article

Increasing Accessibility

The Changing Nature of Authorship

Coping with Complexity

Increasing Inter- and Intra-textuality

Including Reader Comments and Reader Statistics

Enhancing Visualization

Internet Visualization and the Science of Shape

Birth of a Science of Shape

The Mathematical Visualization of Shape

Science of Shape and the Internet

Conclusion

Chapter 3: The Internet Humanities Essay: Seeing and Hearing Anew

Historians See Anew

Photographs as Historical Evidence

Art as Historical Evidence

Reinterpreting the Civil War: The Role of Visualization

Meeting the Challenge of Urban History: A Multi-Media Los Angeles

Re-imagining the Roman Forum: Vision as Hypothesis

Musicians See and Hear Anew

Film Scholars See Anew

Conclusion

Chapter 4: Archival Web Sites in the Humanities and Sciences

Web Sites That Provide Resources for Scholarship

Web Sites That Store Data for Scientific Research

Web Sites That Store Scientific or Scholarly Papers

Web Sites That Create Knowledge Through Volunteer Participation

Web Sites That Codify Existing Knowledge

Conclusion

Chapter 5: Evaluation before Publication: Opening up Peer Review

The Case for and against Peer Review

Argument Theory and Peer Review

Theory Application

Open Internet Peer Review in the Sciences

Open Internet Peer Review in the Humanities

Peer Sourcing: The Wave of the Future?

Conclusion

Chapter 6: Evaluation after Publication: Setting the Record Straight

Science Blogs

What Science Blogs Reveal

How Science Blogs Work

Humanities Post-Peer Review

Post-Publication Peer Review: The Article

Post-Publication Peer Review: The Book

Conclusion

Chapter 7: Overcoming the Obstacles to Internet Exploitation

The Opportunities

Gated Access: The First Obstacle

Current Tenure Rules: The Second Obstacle

Digital Preservation: The Third Obstacle

Patents and Copyright: The Fourth Obstacle

Freedom of Information: The Fifth Obstacle

A Path Forward