京成内外-老北京的故事 节选

br /> 我的几位小友，恕我这样称呼他们。“小”是因为他们都是1950年以后出生的，
都比我小上二三十岁，现在都风华正茂，个个有着一个不大不小的职务，负着一定
的责任。他们在各自的岗位上，都工作得不错；业余爱好，又都酷爱研究老北京。
老北京的“老”，在我心里衡量的标准，至少是有城门城墙的北京。这几位小友，虽
没在中华人民共和国成立前生活过，可是不知怎地，他们爱这座大城市中的“老”
味儿到了痴迷的程度。业余时间，他们会钻天觅缝地查找旧书本、旧报刊，走访在
世的当事人、里手、行家，实地调查；他们肯花钱买自己需要的、喜爱的老玩意儿，
多方面地细致了解，认真体味过去，在自己心里营造出“立体”、“真实”的老北京。
这样日积月累地增长知识，陶冶了情趣，提高了鉴赏能力，从中得到快乐与满足，
使生活过得挺充实，挺有品位。
这几位小友，也是老舍迷。他们熟读过老舍先生的文学作品。对老舍先生本人
的事也知道得挺多。谈起老舍先生来，会滔滔不绝，如数家珍。更有甚者，被老舍
先生的文学语言感染得手也发痒，动笔写了起来。小友们无论写老北京的人物、事
件、地理风情的文章小段，还是改编老舍先生的小说和其他文学形式，都能以北京
腔，写出特有的幽默。它们延续着一种老北京特有的文化品格，为当今社会增添着

属十北京应有的文化色彩。
老舍先生在他的抗战话剧《(大地龙蛇》序中写道：“一人群单位，有它古往今
来的精神的与物质的生活方式；假若我们把这方式叫作文化，则教育、伦理、礼仪，
与衣食住行，都在其中，所蕴甚广，而且变化多端。”并说：“文化亡，必系奴隶。”
在当今社会中像他们这样的中青年人并不多，可是他们的爱好，他们的写作，却是
社会发展所需要的。旧的东西经过选择、淘汰，在新的社会环境中，用现在的眼光
审视再现，就会使美好的文化遗产驻留人间。
张本瀛等几位小友的努力，得到了人们的肯定与尊重。他们利用业余时间写了
这套有关“老北京”文化的丛书，其中的每一篇文章都在过去与现在之间穿梭，新
的旧的相互交融，让你能看得见、抠得出、闻得着老北京的味儿，从中感觉到北京
的美意。虽然文中的个别枝节，可能缺乏更为严格的考证，但这并不影响此套书所
要传达出的那种色调和情意。我们品尝美味佳肴，不是讲究色、香、味吗?这套丛
书是不是让您也可以品尝一下老北京的色、香、味?
(注：舒济老师是已故著名京味文学家老舍先生的长女，现为老舍纪念馆馆长)

颐和园北京西北郊
The Summer Palace
Northwest Suburban of Beijing
颐和园位于北京西北郊，占地约290
公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组
成，以佛香阁为中心，园内共有亭、台、
楼、阁、廊、榭等不同形式的建筑3000
余间，是中国现存*完整、规模*大的
皇家园林和行宫。颐和园博采各地造园
手法，既有北方山川的雄浑宏阔，又有
江南水乡的清丽婉约，兼帝王宫室的富
丽堂皇和民间宅居的精巧别致于一体，
是集中国园林建筑艺术之大成的杰作。
乾隆与清漪园
清高宗乾隆是我国历史上一位比较
With an area of 290 hectares, the Summer
Palace is located in the northwest suburban area
of Beijing and can be divided into two parts:
Longevity Mountain and Kunming Lake. The
Tower of Fragrance of Buddha is the center of the
garden, and there are various architectures more
than three thousand. The Summer Palace adopted
all kinds of building techniques, and there is the
grandness of northern mountains and the grace of
southern rivers. In the meantime, it also has the
magnificence of imperial palace and the delicacy
of civilian' s residences. It is the masterpiece of
Chinese garden architecture and is the biggest

有作为的封建帝王。在位60余年间，他相
继平定新疆准噶尔部阿睦尔撒纳和天山南
路大、小和卓的叛乱，在喀什噶尔(今新
疆喀什)等地设立参赞、办事、领队大臣
等，击溃入侵西藏的廓尔喀(今尼泊尔王
国)侵略军，颁布《钦定西藏章程》，一
系列加强中央集权制的政治举措使清代在
乾隆统治的半个多世纪里，实现了人民盼
望已久的稳定统一与经济繁荣，出现了
“乾隆盛世”。国家总体实力大幅提高为营
造古典皇家园林奠定了良好的基础。
乾隆继位以前，在北京西郊一带，
已建起了畅春园、圆明园、静明园、静
宜园四座大型皇家园林，但四座园林之
间缺乏有机的联系，因此，乾隆决定在
中间的“瓮山泊”一带兴建清漪园。万
寿山古称瓮山，山下之湖名瓮山泊，明
代被喻为杭州西湖，称为“西湖景”，这
里山青水秀，每至盛夏，十里荷花香气
袭人，引来不少文人墨客的登临，留下
了许多优美诗篇。
“清漪园”始建于清乾隆十五年
(1750年)，于乾隆二十九年(1764年)
正式竣工，共耗费白银448万两。据史
料记载，为修建“清漪园”，清朝政府曾
下令从全国各省征集大批身怀绝技的工
匠来到京城。“清漪园”的完成标志着
“三山五园”格局(香山、玉泉山、万寿
山、圆明园、畅舂园、清漪园、静明园、
静宜园)的*终完成。“清漪园”落成以
后，乾隆与母亲钮祜禄氏便将这里作为
了消暑纳凉的胜地。在地理位置上，“清
漪园”与“圆明园”相距不远，故而乾
隆一般早晨在“圆明园”用早膳，之后
便在心腹大臣的前呼后拥之下，乘轿子
and best reserved imperial garden.
Emperor Qianlong and the Garden of
Clear Ripples
Emperor Qianlong is an outstanding monarch
in the history of Qing Dynasty. In the 60 years
when he reigned the country, he pacificated the
rebellion of Amu'ersana and the Brother Hezhuo
in Xinjiang. He later assigned counsellor and
other governers in Kashige' er of Xinjiang
Province. He also smashed the invasion of the
army from Gurkha, and issued the roles of Sitsang.
His measures to hold centralism were effective
and the stableness, prosperity and the great power
of the country was the basics of building such a
classic imperial garden.
Before Emperor Qianglong enthronement, four
imperial gardens have been built. They were the
Park of Everlasting Spring, Park of Perfection
and Brightness, Park of Tranquillity and Plea-
sure in the Fragrance Hill, Park of Tranquillity
and Brightness in the Jade Fountain Hill, but
these gardens were built without relations. As a
result, Emperor Qianglong decided to build the
Garden of Clear Ripples near Wengshan Lake
which was at the foot of the Longevity Mountain
originally called Wengshan(Jar Mountain). In
Ming Dynasty, this place was called the Scene of
West Lake because the landscape was as elegant
as the West Lake in Kangzhou. In summer, lots
of poets and writers were attracted by the fra-
grance of water lily and great numbers of beau-
tiful poems have been produced.
The construction of the Garden of Clear Ripples
first started in 1750, and finished in 1764. It cost-

或骑着一匹四蹄雪白、体格高大的枣红
马至“清漪园”，或泛龙舟于昆明湖中，
或漫步于各处景观，诗兴大发时便摆上
文房四宝，挥笔泼墨赋诗吟词。有时候，
乾隆也直接从紫禁城经由西直门来到
“清漪园”，这时候内务府就要派出大量
杂役提前在行经之处铺上薄薄一层细黄
土，然后再撒上清水以防灰尘扬起。夏
秋时节，多由水路乘龙船经长河到达
“清漪园”的昆明湖码头。每次在“清漪
园”尽情吃喝玩乐到夕阳西下之后，乾
隆才返回“圆明园”正大光明殿下榻。
“清漪园”作为东方古典皇家园林
力作，集中体现了中华民族古典园林艺
术的传统文化精髓，并展示了劳动人民
的聪明智慧和艺术才华。游客置身园
中，既能感受到自然风光之奇妙，又可
领略诸多景观中的厚重文化底蕴。在营
建“清漪园”的过程中，设计者认真研
究借鉴元代科学家郭守敬的治水模式，
将玉泉山山泉引入昆明湖，扩大和疏浚
昆明湖一带的河道与灌溉设施，这样不
仅有利于漕运、农业开发，还为西郊一
带营造了湿润的小气候。
4480000 Liangs silver. According to historical
records, the government employed skillful arti-
sans all over the country to build the Garden of
Clear Ripples. The finish of this project meant
the completion of the layout of three mountains
and five gardens. After the Garden of Clear
Ripples was completed, Emperor Qianlong and
his mother used this place to escape the sunstroke.
As far as geography is concerned, the Garden of
Clear Ripples is not far from Yuanmingyuan(the
Park of Perfection and Brightness), so after Em-
peror Qianlong finished his breakfast, he would
come to the Garden of Clear Ripples with his
loyal officials. Workers would be sent to spread a
thin layer of loess and sprinkle water on the road
the emperor would pass through. In the early
autumn, the emperor usually chose to reach the
port of Kunming Lake with a dragon boat.
Everytime he didn' t go back to the Park of
Perfection and Brightness until he really had a
good time there.
The Garden of Clear Ripples is a wonder of the
oriental imperial garden. It is the embodiment of
Chinese traditional culture in the art of classical

京成内外-老北京的故事 本书特色

《老北京的故事》丛书以经典建筑、名人踪迹以及旧日风俗为线
素，在那些承载过去时代信息，如今或为世人瞩目，或者淡出人
们视线的建筑痕迹之中寻觅人文与历史，委婉的文字中间展示的
是专属于古都北京的风情。
·名人寻踪
·北京杂谈
The series of the Old Story of Beijing traces the social celebrities,
the classical buildings and the lost customs in old Beijing, and
clarifies the humane and historical signification of all these relics
in smooth words.
Travel In the Ancient Capital
Trace of Celebrity
Beijing By-talk

京成内外-老北京的故事 作者简介

作者简介
张本灜，北京作家协会会员，自由撰稿人。自20世纪70年代末
开始，利用业余时间从事文学创作，曾先后在全国多家报刊、杂
志上发表作品。90年代开始京味文化的搜集、考察、归纳，十
几年来在京城内外数十家媒体上陆续发表了近300余篇反映古今
北京民俗礼仪、旧京生活、传说故事、市井文化、皇家园林、名
人故居、宗教信仰、曲艺及演艺等方面的文章。
About the Author
Zhang Benying, a famous writer and free copywriter in Beijing,
have delivered many articles in journals and newspapers in
his part time from 1970s. Then in 1990s, he focused his mind on
the Beijing culture research. After collecting information, in-
vestigating in nature for years, he wrote more than 300 articles
which involved the customs, the past life, the fabulous story,
civil cultu