内容简介

Drawing on a vast range of Japanese sources and illustrated with dozens of astonishing documentary photographs, Embracing Defeat is the fullest and most important history of the more than six years of American occupation, which affected every level of Japanese society, often in ways neither side could anticipate. Dower, whom Stephen E. Ambrose has called "America's foremost historian of the Second World War in the Pacific," gives us the rich and turbulent interplay between West and East, the victor and the vanquished, in a way never before attempted, from top-level manipulations concerning the fate of Emperor Hirohito to the hopes and fears of men and women in every walk of life. Already regarded as the benchmark in its field, Embracing Defeat is a work of colossal scholarship and history of the very first order.

Winner of the Pulitzer Prize, the 1999 National Book Award for Nonfiction, finalist for the Lionel Gelber Prize and the Kiriyama Pacific Rim Book Prize, Embracing Defeat is John W. Dower's brilliant examination of Japan in the immediate, shattering aftermath of World War II.

作品目录

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
INTRODUCTION
Part I. VICTOR and VANQUISHED
1. SHATTERED LIVES
Euphemistic Surrender
Unconditional Surrender
Quantifying Defeat
Coming Home ... Perhaps
Displaced Persons
Despised Veterans
Stigmatized Victims
2. GIFTS FROM HEAVEN
"Revolution from Above"
Demilitarization and Democratization
Imposing Reform
Part II. TRANSCENDING DESPAIR
3. KYODATSU: EXHAUSTION AND DESPAIR
Hunger and the Bamboo-Shoot Existence
Enduring the Unendurable
Sociologies of Despair
Child's Play
Inflation and Economic Sabotage
4. CULTURES OF DEFEAT
Servicing the Conquerors
"Butterflies," "Onlys," and Subversive Women
Black-Market Entrepreneurship
"Kasutori Culture"
Decadence and Authenticity
"Married Life"
5. BRIDGES OF LANGUAGE
Mocking Defeat
Brightness, Apples, and English
The Familiarity of the New
Rushing into Print
Bestsellers and Posthumous Heroes
Heroines and Victims
Part III. REVOLUTIONS
6. NEOCOLONIAL REVOLUTION
Victors as Viceroys
Reevaluating the Monkey-Men
The Experts and the Obedient Herd
7. EMBRACING REVOLUTION
Embracing the Commander
Intellectuals and the Community of Remorse
Grass-Roots Engagements
Institutionalizing Reform
Democratizing Everyday Language
8. MAKING REVOLUTION
Lovable Communists and Radicalized Workers
"A Sea of Red Flags"
Unmaking the Revolution from Below
Part IV. DEMOCRACIES
9. IMPERIAL DEMOCRACY: DRIVING THE WEDGE
Psychological Warfare and the Son of Heaven
Purifying the Sovereign
The Letter, the Photograph, and the
Memorandum
10. IMPERIAL DEMOCRACY: DESCENDING PARTWAY FROM HEAVEN
Becoming Bystanders
Becoming Human
Cutting Smoke with Scissors
11. IMPERIAL DEMOCRACY: EVADING RESPONSIBILITY
Confronting Abdication
Imperial Tours and the Manifest Human
One Man's Shattered God
12. CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY: GHQ WRITES A NEW NATIONAL CHARTER
Regendering a Hermaphroditic Creature
Conundrums for the Men of Meiji
Popular Initiatives for a New National
Charter
SCAP Takes Over
GHQ's "Constitutional Convention"
Thinking about Idealism and Cultural
Imperialism
13. CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY: JAPANIZING THE AMERICAN DRAFT
"The Last Opportunity for the Conservative Group"
The Translation Marathon
Unveiling the Draft Constitution
Water Flows, the River Stays
"Japanizing" Democracy
Renouncing War ... Perhaps
Responding to a Fait Accompli
14. CENSORED DEMOCRACY: POLICING THE NEW TABOOS
The Phantom Bureaucracy
Impermissible Discourse
Purifying the Victors
Policing the Cinema
Curbing the Political Left
Part V. GUILTS
15. VICTOR'S JUSTICE, LOSER'S JUSTICE
Stern Justice
Showcase Justice: The Tokyo Tribunal
Tokyo and Nuremberg
Victor's Justice and Its Critics
Race, Power, and Powerlessness
Loser's Justice: Naming Names
16. WHAT DO YOU TELL THE DEAD WHEN YOU LOSE?
A Requiem for Departed Heroes
Irrationality, Science, and
"Responsibility for Defeat"
Buddhism as Repentance and Repentance as Nationalism
Responding to Atrocity
Remembering the Criminals, Forgetting
Their Crimes
Part VI. RECONSTRUCTIONS
17. ENGINEERING GROWTH
"Oh, Mistake!"
Visible (and Invisible) Hands
Planning a Cutting-Edge Economy
Unplanned Developments and Gifts from the Gods
Epilogue: Legacies/Fantasies/Dreams
Notes
Photo and illustration credits
Index
· · · · · ·

作者简介

John W. Dower is the Elting E. Morison Professor of History at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is a winner of the National Book Critics Circle Award for War Without Mercy.

精彩摘录

这种对天皇潜在的正面作用及其事实上对日本人心理极端的“精神”支配力的满怀敬意的评价，将成为战后对日政策的基石。1945年春，麦克阿瑟的司令部在马尼拉召集了英美联军心理战人员会议。在那里，费勒斯和他的部下们将可资联军利用的“日本人行为模式”，扼要归纳为十五条要点：“自卑情结、轻信、群体型思维、歪曲事物的倾向自我吹嘘、强烈的责任感、超常的攻击性、野蛮、顽固、自我毁灭的传统、迷信、重视体面、多愁善感、对家国的忠爱和天皇崇拜。”

——引自章节：第九章天皇制民主：楔人

关于战争的最重要的审阅政策之一，不过是所用术语的变更：日本人被禁止将其在亚洲的战争称为“大东亚战争”，而代之以“太平洋战争”的称谓。此项变更由最高统帅部于1945年12月中旬引入，是旨在消除宗教和民族主义教化的广泛命令之一环。这种相当于语义学帝国主义的行为，却产生了预料不到的后果：“大东亚战争”的提法，具有其侵略主义的排外性，明确地将战争中心置于中国和东南亚；“太平洋战争”的新名称，则将战争的重心转移到太平洋地区，明白无误其首要所指是日美之间的冲突。对此事件的更名并非出自任何阴谋，而只是征服者自发的种族中心主义的反映。他们根本将日本在亚洲的对手排除在占领格局中任何有意义的角色之外，现在又直接将他们从战争命名的字面上删除。这种不得要领的更名，非但不能提醒日本人对战争罪行的自觉，反而推动他们逐渐淡忘对亚洲邻居们所犯下的罪行。

——引自章节：净化胜利者